Æú·¿(Mary Parker Follett)ÀÇ ½Ã¹Î±³À°·Ð
½ÅÃæ½Ä✽
±¹¹®ÃÊ·Ï
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¿©¼ºÁ¤Ä¡Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ ¸Þ¸® ÆÄÄ¿ Æú·¿(Mary Parker Follett, 1868-1933)Àº
Á¸ µàÀÌ, Çã¹öÆ® Å©·Ñ¸®(Herbert Croly), ¿ùÅÍ ¸®ÇÁ¸¸, ÇØ·Ñµå ¶ó½ºÅ°¿Í ´õºÒ¾î 20
¼¼±â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿¡ °¡Àå Å©°Ô ±â¿©Çß´ø »ç»ó°¡ÀÌÀÚ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀÇ ¸àÅä·Î ²ÅÈù´Ù.
³²¼ºÃ¶ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ÁÖµµÇÏ´Â ¹Ì±¹Á¤Ä¡»ç»ó°è¿¡¼ ´Ü¿¬ ¿¹¿ÜÀû Á¸ÀçÀÎ ±×´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ
¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î ¼¼°è¸¦ ÁÖµµÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀΰ¡¿¡ Áö´ëÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Á¤Ä¡
Çеµ´Â ´ëÀÇÁ¦, »çȸÀÔ¹ý, ¼±°Å¹ý ¶Ç´Â »ê¾÷Á¶Á÷ µîÀ» ÅëÇÑ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀdzª ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ Æ¯
±ÇÀ» ¿ìÀ§¿¡ µÎ°ÚÁö¸¸, ±×´Â ¡°Ã¢Á¶Àû ½Ã¹Î±Ç¡±(a creative citizenship)À» ÅëÇÑ ¿¬¹æ
ÁÖÀÇ¿Í ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ º´ÇàÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó Çß´Ù. ÀÚ¹ßÀû ´ÜÇÕÀÇÁö, ÅõöÇÑ Ã¥ÀÓ
°¨, ÀýÁ¦, ±³À°¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ Ã¢Á¶Àû ½Ã¹Î±ÇÀ̾߸»·Î ´ç½Ã ¹Ì±¹ÀÌ ¼¼°è¿¡ ³»¼¼¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ
´Â ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ½Ã¹Î±ÇÀº »ç½Ç ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ °¢ÀÚ°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »îÀ» âÁ¶Çϱâ
À§ÇÑ Çٽɿä¼ÒÀ̱⵵ Çß´Ù. ±×¿¡°Ô ÁøÁ¤ÇÑ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ´Â ¡°¿ì¸® °¢ÀÚ°¡ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µé
ÀÇ ÇÊ¿ä¿Í °áÇÌ¿¡ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÇÔ²² ¾î¿ï¸®´Â
°Í¡±À¸·Î¼ âÁ¶Àû ½Ã¹ÎÀÇ Àû±ØÀû È°µ¿À» ÅëÇؼ °¡´ÉÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸´Â Æú·¿ÀÌ Á¦Ã¢
ÇÑ ½Ã¹Î±³À°·ÐÀ» ÅëÇؼ ±Ù´ë Âü¿©¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ¼ºÀå°úÁ¤À» Á¶¸íÇÏ·Á´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Á¤Ä¡ÇÐÀÇ °üÁ¡¿¡¼ Çö´ë»ç´Â ´ÙºÐÈ÷ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ¹ß´Þ»ç·Î ÀÌÇصȴÙ. ½Ã¹Î±Ç¿¡ ±â¹Ý
À» µÐ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ³íÀÇÇϱ⿡ ¾Õ¼ ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô »ý¼ÒÇÑ Æú·¿ÀÌ ´©±¸ÀÎÁö¸¦ °£·«È÷
¼Ò°³ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·± ¿¬ÈÄ ±×ÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ·ÐÀ» Áý´ÜÀû »ç°í¿Í ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ °ü°è¸¦
ÅëÇؼ Á¢±ÙÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î Æú·¿ÀÌ Á¦Ã¢ÇÑ ¼÷ÀǹÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ±Ù°£À¸·Î¼ »ó
ȲÀÇ ¹ýÄ¢À» ¾Ë¾Æº» ´ÙÀ½ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ½Ã¹Î±³À°¿¡ °®´Â ÇÔÀǸ¦ ã¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.
Çٽɾî: ½Ã¹Î, ½Ã¹Î±³À°, ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ, °Ô½´Å»Æ®½É¸®ÇÐ, ½Ã¹Î±Ç, °øµ¿Ã¼
A Study of Civic Education
in Mary Parker Follett's Thoughts
Shin, Chung Shing
Kyung hee University
Mary Parker Follett was a distinguished American political thinker
who offered at the outset of the 20th century many innovative ideas
concerning the creative citizenship within the realm of direct democracy.
She saw it as a natural outgrowth of the Progressive Era in America. In
this paper, I would like to articulate the necessity of civic education based
on Mary Parker Follett's insights regarding civic education and a creative
citizenship. Strange enough her early intellectual orientation was directed
toward Hegelian German idealism under the influence of the 19th C.
English philosophers, Thomas Hill Green and Bernard Bosanquet and
later became interested in the "new psychology," that is, Gestalt psychology
with its pragmatic emphasis on group dynamics. In this study, I would like
to analyze how people behave together and increase their own creative
citizenship within the context of social life that Follett developed in her
major works. For her, social life is in a constant state of flux and constitutes
a complex unity built of mutual interrelationships and an interweaving of
experience.
Key Words: citizen, civic education, democracy, Gestalt Psychology,
citizenship