The natural state was a strange concept in both the Greek-Roman
tradition and the Christian tradition. Both Eden and the Golden Age,
the first human society, had sovereign authority and law. The state of
nature is a concept established by the modern social contract theory,
but traces of it can be found in the flow of philosophical history. In Greece,
in Epikouros and Cicero's contract theory, it is possible to infer the natural
state as the premise of the contract from the point of establishing a state
through a social contract. In addition, according to the interpretation of
Epikouros' atomic theory from Marx's Hegel's point of view, we can found
the sprout of the modern existence of Hobbes' natural state in that ‘an
atom relates to itself through denial of its own relative existence and is
in an existential confrontation with the other'. Aquinas in the Middle Ages
asserted or regarded the concept of evil as the lack of being. Since
non-existence cannot exist by itself, it is a subject of deprivation and
falls into evil. Hobbes' natural state is an ontological space in which beings
reconstitute coexistence with the other through the denial of their own
Accident that being is a power relationship.Heidegger talks about the deviation
of exist, be from exist of being through abandonment of exist. It is said that
being has been thrown out of exist, but this is not a decline, but the first history
of being itself. Hobbes' natural state is also miserable and blessed by his
non-being. The natural state opens the chapter where the modern subject
can self-realize through its non-being.At this time, the subject secures universality
through the natural state at the point where Descartes' cogito failed, that is,
the failure to secure clarity according to dualism. Hobbes' material cogito
gains the power to spatialize the natural state and reconstruct the objective
world through the phenomenological turn.
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