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Bentham¡¯s Utilitarianism and Education for the Poor
Kang Joon Ho
Abstract
In the 1790s, Jeremy Bentham wrote a number of essays on an innovative
form of prisons based upon the design of Panopticon, and also on the
reform of the Poor Law. In the writings concerning the Poor Law, he attempted
to provide some practicable plans for not merely mitigating the pain of the poor
but rather eliminating the source of their pain. In his view, a source of many
problems of pauperism lied in the ignorance and idleness of the Poor, and an
obvious solution to these problems was the education for them. But more than
a few scholars have assessed his reform proposal as anti-liberal or anti-human
rights for such reasons as it applies the Panopticon construction for prisoners
to the poorhouses (or workhouses) and isolates the poor in them, and further
it tries to manipulate the poor mentally by forced labor and alleged education.
Thus these scholars conclude that his reform proposal was not devised to
promote the interests of the poor but to facilitate the control by the State. In
this paper, however, I will argue that his reform proposal involves a humanitarian
intention to relieve all alienated population of the poor, and that in accordance
with his utilitarianism the ultimate objective of their education consisted in the
promotion of their happiness.
Key Words: Bentham, Education for the Poor, Panopticon, Poor Law, Utilitarianism.